Flow Rate to Velocity Calculator

Velocity Formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Velocity (ft/s):

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1. What is a Flow Rate to Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) to fluid velocity in feet per second (ft/s) based on the cross-sectional area of the pipe or channel.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine fluid velocity for proper system design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Where:

\( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
\( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the product of the cross-sectional area and conversion factor to obtain velocity.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system operation, prevents pipe erosion, and maintains optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: This converts GPM to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-5 ft/s for residential, up to 10 ft/s for industrial applications.

Q3: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes incompressible flow. For compressible fluids, additional factors are needed.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) where r is radius in feet, then use this calculator.