1. What is Flow Rate Through a Pipe?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of fluid through a pipe in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and technicians design and analyze fluid systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (square feet)
• \( 448.83 \) — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by pipe area gives volumetric flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Proper flow rate estimation ensures adequate system performance, prevents pipe damage, and helps in pump selection.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and pipe cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I find pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q2: What's a typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Residential: 4-8 ft/s, Industrial: 8-12 ft/s, but varies by application.

Q3: Why 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts cubic feet per second (ft³/s) to gallons per minute (GPM).

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes incompressible flow (valid for liquids like water).

Q5: How does pipe material affect flow rate?
A: Material affects friction losses but not this basic calculation - use for ideal flow.