1. What is Flow Rate from Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate (in gallons per minute) based on fluid velocity and pipe cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine flow rates in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet per second to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Proper flow rate estimation ensures adequate system performance, prevents pipe erosion, and helps select proper pump sizes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and pipe cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: For residential plumbing, 4-8 ft/s is common. Higher velocities may cause erosion noise.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q3: Why 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: The formula works for any fluid, but gas calculations often need additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: What's the maximum recommended velocity?
A: Depends on application, but typically 5-10 ft/s for water to avoid water hammer and erosion.