1. What is Flow Rate Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) based on fluid velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It's essential for hydraulic system design, pipe sizing, pump selection, and various engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate determination ensures proper system performance, prevents pipe overpressure, and optimizes energy usage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the pipe's cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³ = 7.48052 gallons, 1 minute = 60 seconds).

Q2: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Typically 2-8 ft/s, with 4-6 ft/s being common for balanced design.

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: Yes, but gas flow calculations often require additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical flow rate; actual flow may vary due to friction, viscosity, and other factors.