1. What is Flow Rate Through a Pipe?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate (in gallons per minute) of a fluid through a pipe based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and technicians determine the flow capacity of piping systems for water supply, irrigation, or industrial applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of fluid (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet per second to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in cubic feet per second, which is then converted to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Proper flow rate estimation ensures adequate water supply, proper system design, and efficient operation of hydraulic systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and pipe cross-sectional area in ft². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Domestic water systems typically use 5-8 ft/s, while industrial systems may go up to 10 ft/s.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × r² (where r is radius in feet). For diameter D in inches: A = π × (D/24)².

Q3: Why 448.83 as the conversion factor?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the velocity should be appropriate for the specific fluid's viscosity and pipe material.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area: A = π × (diameter/2)², making sure to use consistent units (feet for this calculator).