1. What is Flow Rate Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a pipe or channel in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates for various applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Velocity of the fluid (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of flow (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet per second to GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic volumetric flow rate (V × A) from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for proper system design, pump selection, and ensuring adequate fluid delivery in piping systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: For residential plumbing, 4-8 ft/s is common. For industrial applications, 10-15 ft/s may be used.

Q2: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q3: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: The basic formula works, but gas calculations often require additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( A = \pi \times (diameter/2)^2 \), then use this calculator.