1. What is Flow Rate Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) based on fluid velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates for pipes, channels, and other conduits.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic volumetric flow rate (V×A) from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for proper system design, pump selection, and ensuring adequate fluid delivery in piping systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: How do I measure the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, use A = π × (diameter/2)². For rectangular channels, use width × height.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Typically 2-8 ft/s for water, with 5 ft/s being common for residential plumbing.

Q4: Can I use this for other fluids besides water?
A: Yes, as long as you're measuring velocity in ft/s and area in ft², the formula works for any fluid.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical flow rate. Actual flow may vary due to friction, viscosity, and pipe roughness.