1. What is Flow Rate to Velocity Conversion?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate (GPM) to fluid velocity (ft/s) through a given cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine fluid velocity in pipes, channels, and other conduits.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the product of area and conversion factor to get velocity in consistent units.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Knowing fluid velocity is crucial for designing piping systems, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and preventing issues like erosion or sedimentation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts gallons per minute to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, reciprocal is ~448.83).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water, with 4-6 ft/s being most common for balance between friction loss and erosion.

Q3: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Can I use this for other fluids besides water?
A: Yes, the formula works for any fluid, but the conversion factor remains the same as it's based on volume flow.

Q5: What if my area is in square inches?
A: Convert to square feet first (divide by 144) before using the calculator.