1. What is Volumetric Flow Rate to Velocity Conversion?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) to fluid velocity in feet per second (ft/s) through a given cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine flow velocity in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts GPM to cubic feet per second, then divides by area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents pipe erosion, and maintains desired flow characteristics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It's the conversion factor between gallons per minute (GPM) and cubic feet per second (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: What's a typical pipe flow velocity?
A: For water systems, 2-5 ft/s is common, with 4-8 ft/s for short runs and 1-3 ft/s for gravity systems.

Q3: How do I find cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes the fluid has similar properties to water. For viscous fluids, additional factors may be needed.

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is radius in feet (diameter/2).