1. What is the Flow Rate Equation?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate (in gallons per minute) based on fluid velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet per second to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity and area are multiplied to get cubic feet per second, then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and fluid delivery in piping systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: This converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r² \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Typically 2-5 ft/s for residential plumbing, 5-10 ft/s for industrial applications.

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: Yes, but gas flow rates are often measured in CFM (cubic feet per minute) instead.

Q5: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is the theoretical flow rate. Actual flow may be less due to pipe friction.