Equation for Linear Velocity

Linear Velocity Formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Linear Velocity (V): ft/s

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1. What is the Equation for Linear Velocity?

Definition: This calculator determines the linear velocity of a fluid based on its flow rate and the cross-sectional area of the pipe or channel.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians calculate fluid velocity in hydraulic systems, piping, and other flow applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Where:

\( V \) — Linear velocity (feet per second)
\( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is converted from GPM to cubic feet per second, then divided by the cross-sectional area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Linear Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents erosion or sedimentation, and maintains optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water, with 4-6 ft/s being optimal for most applications.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². Convert diameter to feet for this calculator.

Q4: Can I use this for gases or other fluids?
A: Yes, but the velocity ranges and design considerations will differ based on fluid properties.

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using A = π × r² (r = radius in feet), then use this calculator.