1. What is Velocity from Volumetric Flow Rate?

Definition: This calculator determines the fluid velocity based on volumetric flow rate and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians calculate flow velocity in pipes and ducts for fluid system design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the product of area and conversion factor to get velocity in consistent units.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents erosion or sedimentation, and maintains optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the volumetric flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It converts gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (ft³/s) (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water, with 4-6 ft/s being most common for balance of efficiency and pressure drop.

Q3: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Can I use this for gases or other fluids?
A: Yes, but ensure proper units and consider fluid properties for complete system design.

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is radius in feet.