1. What is a Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the velocity of fluid flow based on the flow rate and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and technicians calculate fluid velocity in pipes and channels for system design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is converted from GPM to ft³/s by dividing by 448.83, then divided by area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents pipe erosion, and maintains optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It's the conversion factor from gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (ft³/s).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water supply, with 5 ft/s being a common design target.

Q3: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, use \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Can this be used for gases or other fluids?
A: Yes, but the conversion factor changes for different units (e.g., CFM instead of GPM for air).

Q5: What if I need velocity in different units?
A: Multiply the result by 0.6818 to get mph, or by 0.3048 to get m/s.