1. What is a Fire Sprinkler Flow Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the water flow rate from a fire sprinkler head based on the K-factor and water pressure.

Purpose: It helps fire protection engineers and sprinkler system designers calculate the expected flow rate for system design and verification.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( K \) — K-factor (GPM/√psi)
• \( P \) — Pressure (pounds per square inch, psi)

Explanation: The flow rate increases with higher pressure, following a square root relationship as defined by hydraulic principles.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation ensures proper sprinkler system performance, adequate fire suppression, and compliance with fire codes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the K-factor (typically 5.6 for standard sprinklers) and system pressure. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical K-factor for sprinklers?
A: Standard sprinklers typically have K-factors of 5.6, while ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) sprinklers may have K-factors from 11.2 to 25.2.

Q2: What pressure range is typical for sprinkler systems?
A: Most sprinkler systems operate between 7-175 psi, with 50-100 psi being common for standard systems.

Q3: Why does flow rate follow a square root relationship with pressure?
A: This relationship comes from Bernoulli's principle and the orifice equation governing fluid flow through openings.

Q4: How do I find the K-factor for my sprinkler?
A: The K-factor is usually stamped on the sprinkler frame or available in manufacturer specifications.

Q5: Does this calculation account for pipe friction losses?
A: No, this calculates flow at the sprinkler head only. System calculations must include pipe friction losses separately.