1. What is a Flow Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) based on fluid velocity and pipe cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and technicians determine fluid flow rates in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet per second to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in cubic feet per second, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and compliance with engineering specifications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and pipe area in ft². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: For residential plumbing, 4-8 ft/s is common. High velocities can cause erosion and noise.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × r² (r = radius in feet). Our Pipe Area Calculator can help.

Q3: Why 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: This formula works for incompressible fluids. For gases, additional factors like compressibility are needed.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using diameter: A = π × (diameter/2)², then use this calculator.