1. What is the Flow Rate Equation in Physics?

Definition: This calculator computes the volumetric flow rate (Q) of a fluid based on its velocity and the cross-sectional area of flow.

Purpose: It helps engineers and physicists determine the flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) for fluid systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of the fluid (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of flow (square feet)
• \( 448.83 \) — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in cubic feet per second, which is then converted to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing piping systems, hydraulic engineering, and fluid dynamics analysis.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) and 60 (seconds per minute): 7.48052 × 60 ≈ 448.83.

Q2: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Domestic water systems typically range from 4-8 ft/s, while industrial systems may go up to 10-15 ft/s.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². For rectangular ducts: A = width × height.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the velocity must be in ft/s and area in ft² regardless of fluid type.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical maximum flow; actual flow may be less due to friction, viscosity, and other factors.