1. What is Flow Rate GPM?

Definition: GPM stands for gallons per minute, a measure of water flow rate through a pipe or channel.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the volumetric flow rate of water based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The formula converts the product of velocity and area into gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing plumbing systems, irrigation systems, and industrial fluid processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the velocity in feet per second and the cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical flow rate for household plumbing?
A: Standard fixtures require 2-5 GPM, while whole-house systems may need 6-12 GPM.

Q2: How do I measure pipe velocity?
A: Velocity can be measured with flow meters or calculated from pressure differentials.

Q3: What's the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) × 60 (seconds per minute) = 448.8312.

Q4: Does this work for other liquids besides water?
A: Yes, but the conversion factor assumes water density (1g/cm³). For other liquids, adjust accordingly.

Q5: How does pipe diameter affect flow rate?
A: Flow rate increases with the square of the diameter (A = πr²), so small diameter changes create large flow differences.