Flow Rate Pressure Equation by Tons of Concrete

Flow Rate Equations:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times (P_1 - P_2) \times 144}{\rho}} \] \[ Q = V \times A \times 448.83 \]

Pressure P₁:

psi

Pressure P₂:

psi

Density (ρ):

lb/ft³

Area (A):

ft²

Velocity (V): ft/s

Flow Rate (Q): GPM

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1. What is the Flow Rate Pressure Equation?

Definition: This calculator determines fluid velocity and volumetric flow rate based on pressure difference, fluid density, and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians calculate flow rates in pipes and channels for hydraulic systems and fluid dynamics applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses these equations:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times (P_1 - P_2) \times 144}{\rho}} \] \[ Q = V \times A \times 448.83 \]

Where:

\( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet/second)
\( P_1 \) — Upstream pressure (psi)
\( P_2 \) — Downstream pressure (psi)
\( \rho \) — Fluid density (pounds/cubic foot)
\( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons/minute)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)

Explanation: The first equation calculates velocity from pressure difference using Bernoulli's principle. The second converts this to flow rate in GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing piping systems, selecting pump sizes, and ensuring proper system operation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both pressures (P₁ > P₂), fluid density (default 62.4 lb/ft³ for water), and cross-sectional area. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does the 144 factor represent?
A: It converts psi to psf (pounds per square foot) since 1 psi = 144 psf.

Q2: What's the 448.83 conversion factor for?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q3: What density should I use for other fluids?
A: Use 49.2 lb/ft³ for gasoline, 58.8 lb/ft³ for diesel, or 0.075 lb/ft³ for air at STP.

Q4: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is for ideal flow. For real-world applications, include a friction loss factor.

Q5: What if P₂ is greater than P₁?
A: The calculator will show invalid results as flow would be in the opposite direction.