1. What is Flow Rate Through an Orifice?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through an orifice based on the orifice characteristics and pressure difference.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians calculate flow rates in piping systems, hydraulic systems, and fluid control applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (dimensionless, 0.6-0.8)
• \( A \) — Orifice area (square feet)
• \( \Delta P \) — Pressure difference across orifice (psi)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (pounds per cubic foot)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the orifice geometry, fluid properties, and pressure conditions to determine the flow rate.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for system design, performance evaluation, and troubleshooting in fluid systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (default 0.7), orifice area, pressure difference, and fluid density (default 62.4 lb/ft³ for water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient (C_d)?
A: It's a dimensionless factor that accounts for energy losses and flow contraction through the orifice, typically ranging from 0.6 to 0.8.

Q2: How do I determine the orifice area?
A: For circular orifices, use A = π × (diameter/2)². Convert to square feet (1 ft² = 144 in²).

Q3: Why is the 448.83 factor included?
A: This converts the result from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: What's the typical density for water?
A: Fresh water at 60°F has a density of 62.4 lb/ft³. Saltwater and other fluids have different densities.

Q5: Can this be used for gases?
A: The formula works for incompressible fluids. For gases, additional factors like compressibility must be considered.