Flow Rate and Pressure Formula Calculator by Tons of Concrete

Flow Rate and Pressure Formulas:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times (P_1 - P_2) \times 144}{\rho}} \] \[ Q = V \times A \times 448.83 \]

Initial Pressure (P₁):

psi

Final Pressure (P₂):

psi

Density (ρ):

lb/ft³

Area (A):

ft²

Velocity (V): ft/s

Flow Rate (Q): GPM

Definition: This calculator determines fluid velocity and flow rate based on pressure difference, fluid density, and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians analyze fluid flow systems in pipes, valves, and other hydraulic components.

The calculator uses these formulas:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times (P_1 - P_2) \times 144}{\rho}} \] \[ Q = V \times A \times 448.83 \]

Where:

Explanation: The first formula calculates velocity from pressure difference, and the second converts this to volumetric flow rate.

Details: Accurate flow calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and performance evaluation in hydraulic systems.

Tips: Enter pressure values in psi, density in lb/ft³ (default 62.4 for water), and area in ft². All values must be positive.

Q1: What's the 144 factor in the formula?
A: This converts psi to psf (pounds per square foot) since 1 psi = 144 psf.

Q2: Why 448.83 in the flow rate formula?
A: This converts ft³/s to GPM (gallons per minute), as 1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM.

Q3: What density should I use for other fluids?
A: Use 49.2 for gasoline, 78.6 for seawater, or look up specific values for your fluid.

Q4: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is for ideal flow. For real systems, include friction factors in P₁-P₂.

Q5: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: Area = π × (diameter/2)². Convert diameter from inches to feet (divide by 12).