Flow Rate to Flow Velocity Calculator

Flow Velocity Formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Flow Velocity (V): ft/s

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1. What is a Flow Rate to Flow Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate (GPM) to flow velocity (ft/s) using the pipe or channel's cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine the speed of fluid flow in pipes or channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V = \frac{Q}{A \times 448.83} \]

Where:

\( V \) — Flow velocity (feet per second)
\( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the product of cross-sectional area and conversion factor to get velocity.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents erosion from high velocities, and ensures adequate flow at low velocities.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and the cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts gallons per minute to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical flow velocity in pipes?
A: For water systems, 2-5 ft/s is common for supply lines, 5-10 ft/s for drainage.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Can I use this for other liquids?
A: Yes, but the conversion factor assumes water-like density. For viscous fluids, additional factors may be needed.

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) where r is radius in feet, then use this calculator.