1. What is the Flow Rate to Velocity Equation?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate (GPM) to fluid velocity (ft/s) using the pipe's cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine fluid velocity in pipes and channels for system design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is converted from GPM to cubic feet per second, then divided by the cross-sectional area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Knowing fluid velocity is crucial for determining pressure drops, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and avoiding issues like erosion or sedimentation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and the cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does the 448.83 constant represent?
A: It's the conversion factor from GPM (gallons per minute) to ft³/s (cubic feet per second).

Q2: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q3: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water, with 4-6 ft/s being most common in supply lines.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the constant assumes US gallons. For other units, different conversion factors apply.

Q5: When would I need this calculation?
A: When designing piping systems, selecting pump sizes, or troubleshooting flow issues.