1. What is a Flow Rate to Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate (GPM) to fluid velocity (ft/s) using the cross-sectional area of flow.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine fluid velocity in pipes and channels for hydraulic calculations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is converted from GPM to cubic feet per second, then divided by the cross-sectional area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Knowing fluid velocity is crucial for pipe sizing, pressure drop calculations, erosion prevention, and system efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It's the conversion factor between GPM (gallons per minute) and ft³/s (cubic feet per second).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-8 ft/s for water, with 4-6 ft/s being most common for balanced design.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (diameter/2)^2 \). For rectangles: width × height.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes the fluid has similar properties to water. For viscous fluids, additional factors may be needed.

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) where \( r \) is radius (diameter/2).