1. What is Linear Velocity?

Definition: Linear velocity is the speed at which a fluid flows through a pipe or conduit in a specific direction.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine the flow characteristics in piping systems and ensure proper system design.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Linear velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The formula converts volumetric flow rate to linear velocity by accounting for the pipe's cross-sectional area and unit conversions.

3. Importance of Linear Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system operation, prevents erosion or sedimentation, and helps maintain optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the volumetric flow rate in GPM and the cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical linear velocity for water in pipes?
A: For water, typical design velocities range from 2-5 ft/s in most applications.

Q2: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: This converts gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (ft³/s), since 1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, use \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q4: What happens if velocity is too high?
A: Excessive velocity can cause erosion, noise, and excessive pressure drops in the system.

Q5: Does this work for gases as well as liquids?
A: The formula works for any fluid, but gas velocities are typically much higher than liquid velocities.