1. What is a Gravity Flow Calculator Through Pipe?

Definition: This calculator estimates the flow rate of water through a pipe based on gravity feed, using height difference and pipe cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and irrigation specialists design gravity-fed water systems without pumps.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Torricelli's law and flow rate conversion:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity of water (ft/s)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (32.174 ft/s²)
• \( h \) — Height difference (ft)
• \( A \) — Pipe cross-sectional area (ft²)

Explanation: The velocity is calculated from potential energy conversion, then multiplied by area and conversion factor to get flow rate in GPM.

3. Importance of Gravity Flow Calculation

Details: Proper flow estimation ensures adequate water supply, correct pipe sizing, and efficient system design for gravity-fed applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the height difference (h), pipe cross-sectional area (A), and gravity constant (default 32.174 ft/s²). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: This converts ft³/s to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is theoretical maximum. Actual flow will be less due to pipe friction and turbulence.

Q3: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (diameter/2)^2 \). Convert diameter to feet first.

Q4: What's a typical height difference for gravity systems?
A: Residential systems often use 10-30 ft, while large-scale systems may use 100+ ft.

Q5: Can I use this for other liquids?
A: Only for water at standard conditions. Other liquids require density and viscosity adjustments.