1. What is Linear Flow Rate?

Definition: Linear flow rate (or velocity) measures how fast a fluid is moving through a pipe or channel in feet per second.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians design and analyze fluid systems to ensure proper flow characteristics.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Linear flow rate (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The formula converts volumetric flow rate (GPM) to linear velocity (ft/s) by dividing by the cross-sectional area and a conversion constant.

3. Importance of Linear Flow Rate

Details: Proper flow velocity is critical for system efficiency, preventing erosion, maintaining turbulence/laminar flow, and ensuring proper mixing.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and the cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 the conversion factor?
A: It converts gallons per minute to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is ~448.83).

Q2: What's a typical flow velocity for water pipes?
A: Generally 2-5 ft/s for residential, 5-10 ft/s for industrial applications.

Q3: How do I find cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². Convert diameter to feet if needed.

Q4: When would I need this calculation?
A: When designing piping systems, calculating residence times, or determining pump requirements.

Q5: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the ideal velocity range varies by fluid type (water, oil, etc.) and application.