1. What is a Linear Velocity to Flow Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts linear velocity (ft/s) and cross-sectional area (ft²) to flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine the volumetric flow rate based on pipe velocity and dimensions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Linear velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives volumetric flow in cubic feet per second, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, prevent pipe erosion from excessive velocity, and maintain adequate pressure.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the pipe's cross-sectional area in ft². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) and 60 (seconds per minute): 7.48052 × 60 ≈ 448.83.

Q2: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: 2-5 ft/s for cold water, 3-6 ft/s for hot water systems to balance flow and noise.

Q3: How do I calculate area for non-circular pipes?
A: Use appropriate formulas (width×height for rectangular, etc.) or measure directly.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the velocity recommendations vary by fluid type (higher for gases, lower for viscous liquids).

Q5: How does pipe material affect the calculation?
A: Material affects maximum recommended velocity but not the basic calculation.