1. What is Linear Velocity in Fluid Dynamics?

Definition: Linear velocity (V) measures how fast a fluid flows through a pipe or channel in feet per second (ft/s).

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers and technicians determine fluid speed based on flow rate and pipe cross-section.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Linear velocity (ft/s)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The formula converts flow rate from GPM to cubic feet per second, then divides by area to get velocity.

3. Importance of Linear Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents pipe erosion, and maintains optimal flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It converts gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-5 ft/s for residential systems, 5-10 ft/s for industrial applications.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is radius in feet.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes the fluid has similar properties to water.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi \times (diameter/2)^2 \), then use this calculator.