Nozzle Pressure and Velocity Calculator

Velocity Formula:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times \Delta P \times 144}{\rho}} \]

Velocity (V):

ft/s

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1. What is Nozzle Pressure and Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the fluid velocity exiting a nozzle based on pressure difference and fluid density.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians in fluid dynamics, firefighting, spray systems, and other applications involving nozzle flow.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times \Delta P \times 144}{\rho}} \]

Where:

\( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second)
\( \Delta P \) — Pressure difference across nozzle (psi)
\( \rho \) — Fluid density (pounds per cubic foot)

Explanation: The formula calculates the theoretical maximum velocity of fluid exiting a nozzle, derived from Bernoulli's equation.

3. Importance of Nozzle Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, adequate flow rates, and proper performance of spray systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pressure difference across the nozzle in psi and fluid density in lb/ft³ (default 62.4 for water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a 144 in the formula?
A: This converts psi (lb/in²) to lb/ft² (1 ft² = 144 in²) for consistent units.

Q2: What's a typical fluid density for water?
A: Water at standard conditions is about 62.4 lb/ft³, but this varies with temperature.

Q3: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is theoretical maximum velocity. Actual velocity will be slightly lower due to friction and other losses.

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: This works best for incompressible fluids. For gases, more complex compressible flow equations are needed.

Q5: How does nozzle shape affect the result?
A: The formula gives theoretical velocity. Actual performance depends on nozzle efficiency and design.