Orifice Flow Equation Water

Water Flow Rate Formula:

\[ Q = C_d \times A \times \sqrt{\frac{2 \times \Delta P}{\rho}} \times 448.83 \]

Discharge Coefficient (C_d):

Orifice Area (A):

ft²

Pressure Difference (ΔP):

psi

Fluid Density (ρ):

lb/ft³

Flow Rate (Q): GPM

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1. What is the Orifice Flow Equation for Water?

Definition: This equation calculates the volumetric flow rate of water through an orifice based on pressure difference and fluid properties.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians design and analyze fluid systems with orifices, nozzles, or restrictions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ Q = C_d \times A \times \sqrt{\frac{2 \times \Delta P}{\rho}} \times 448.83 \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
\( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (dimensionless, typically 0.6-0.65)
\( A \) — Orifice area (square feet)
\( \Delta P \) — Pressure difference across orifice (psi)
\( \rho \) — Fluid density (pounds per cubic foot, 62.4 for water)

Explanation: The equation relates flow rate to the square root of pressure difference, adjusted by orifice characteristics and fluid properties.

3. Importance of Orifice Flow Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate prediction is crucial for system design, performance evaluation, and troubleshooting in piping systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (default 0.62), orifice area in ft², pressure difference in psi, and fluid density (default 62.4 lb/ft³ for water).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical discharge coefficient (C_d)?
A: For sharp-edged orifices, C_d is typically 0.60-0.65. The default 0.62 is a common average value.

Q2: How do I convert orifice diameter to area?
A: Area = π × (diameter/2)². Remember to convert diameter to feet if working in inches (divide by 12).

Q3: Why is the density of water 62.4 lb/ft³?
A: This is the standard density of water at room temperature. It varies slightly with temperature.

Q4: What is the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: This converts ft³/s to gallons per minute (GPM). 1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM.

Q5: Can this be used for other fluids?
A: Yes, but you must input the correct density for your fluid. The equation works for any incompressible fluid.