1. What is Rate of Water Flow?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of water in gallons per minute (GPM) based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and irrigation specialists design and analyze water systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of water (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic volumetric flow rate (ft³/s) to gallons per minute for practical applications.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, prevent pipe overpressure, and optimize pump selection.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the water velocity in ft/s and the pipe's cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Residential systems typically use 4-8 ft/s, while industrial systems may go up to 10-15 ft/s.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q3: Why the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q4: Does this work for other liquids?
A: The formula works for water. For other liquids, adjust for specific gravity.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) (radius in feet), then use this calculator.