1. What is Pipe Velocity Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the fluid velocity in a pipe based on flow rate and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians ensure proper flow characteristics in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is converted from GPM to cubic feet per second, then divided by the pipe's cross-sectional area.

3. Importance of Pipe Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system operation, prevents erosion, and maintains desired flow characteristics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and the pipe's cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical pipe velocity range?
A: For water systems, 2-5 ft/s is common, with 4-8 ft/s for short runs and below 2 ft/s to prevent sedimentation.

Q2: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q3: Why the 448.83 conversion factor?
A: It converts GPM (gallons per minute) to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s).

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes the fluid has similar properties to water. For viscous fluids, additional factors may be needed.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi \times r^2 \) where r is radius in feet, then use this calculator.