1. What is the Velocity Flow Rate Formula?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate (in gallons per minute) based on fluid velocity and pipe cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Pipe cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic volumetric flow rate (velocity × area) from ft³/s to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and compliance with engineering specifications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and pipe area in ft². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: For residential plumbing, 4-8 ft/s is common. Industrial systems may vary based on application.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × r² (where r is radius in feet). For other shapes, use appropriate area formulas.

Q3: Why 448.83 as the conversion factor?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) × 60 (seconds per minute) = 448.8312.

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: Yes, but gas flow calculations often require additional factors like compressibility.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using A = π × (diameter/2)², then use this calculator.