1. What is a Velocity of Flow Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the velocity of fluid flow through a pipe or channel based on the flow rate and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers ensure proper flow characteristics in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Flow velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate in GPM is converted to cubic feet per second and then divided by the cross-sectional area to determine velocity.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper flow velocity ensures efficient system operation, prevents pipe erosion (high velocity) or sedimentation (low velocity), and maintains optimal pressure.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in GPM and the cross-sectional area in square feet. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the significance of 448.83 in the formula?
A: It's the conversion factor from gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical flow velocity for water pipes?
A: Generally 4-8 ft/s for supply lines, 2-5 ft/s for drain lines, but varies by application.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the conversion factor assumes US gallons. For other units, different conversion would be needed.

Q5: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) where r is radius in feet, then use this calculator.