1. What is a Velocity to Flow Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts fluid velocity and cross-sectional area into volumetric flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine flow rates in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The formula converts the product of velocity and area into GPM by accounting for unit conversions.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for proper system design, pump selection, and ensuring adequate fluid delivery.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the pipe/channel cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) and 60 (seconds per minute): 7.48052 × 60 = 448.83.

Q2: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r² \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Generally 2-5 ft/s for residential plumbing, 5-10 ft/s for industrial applications.

Q4: Can I use this for other fluids?
A: Yes, but the result will be in GPM at the measured velocity, regardless of fluid type.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical flow rate; actual rates may vary due to friction, viscosity, and pipe roughness.