1. What is Volume Flow Rate?

Definition: Volume flow rate measures the volume of fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time.

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers and technicians determine the flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volume flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of fluid (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing piping systems, pumps, and fluid transport systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: This converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³ = 7.48052 gallons, 1 minute = 60 seconds).

Q2: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Common design velocities are 4-8 ft/s for water supply systems.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². For rectangular ducts: A = width × height.

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: Yes, but gas flow calculations often require additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: What if I need different units?
A: Convert all inputs to feet and seconds before calculation for accurate GPM results.