1. What is Volume Flow Rate and Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the volume flow rate (in gallons per minute) based on fluid velocity and cross-sectional area of flow.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates in piping and channel systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volume flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second, ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet, ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and compliance with plumbing codes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: This converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³ = 7.48052 gallons, 1 minute = 60 seconds).

Q2: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Domestic water systems typically design for 5-8 ft/s, while drainage systems may use lower velocities.

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Can this be used for gases?
A: The basic formula works, but gas calculations often require additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: What if I know flow rate and need velocity?
A: Rearrange the formula: \( V = Q / (A \times 448.83) \).