1. What is Volume Rate of Flow?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate (Q) in gallons per minute (GPM) based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate flow rates in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volume rate of flow (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM)

Explanation: The velocity and area are multiplied, then converted from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, pump sizing, and pipe diameter selection for efficient fluid transport.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³ = 7.48052 gallons, 1 minute = 60 seconds).

Q2: How do I measure cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \). For rectangular ducts: \( A = width \times height \).

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Domestic water systems typically range 4-8 ft/s, while industrial systems may go higher.

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: Yes, but gas calculations often require additional factors for compressibility and temperature.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical maximum flow. Actual flow may be less due to friction, fittings, and other losses.