1. What is Volumetric Flow Rate?

Definition: Volumetric flow rate measures the volume of fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time.

Purpose: This calculator determines flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) based on fluid velocity and pipe cross-sectional area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic flow rate (velocity × area) from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing piping systems, pump sizing, and process control in fluid systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: This converts cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: How do I find the cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Generally 4-8 ft/s for supply lines, 2-5 ft/s for drainage.

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: Yes, but gas calculations often require additional factors for compressibility.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical maximum flow; actual flow may be less due to friction and other factors.