1. What is Volumetric Flow Rate of Water?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of water in gallons per minute (GPM) based on velocity and cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers calculate water flow rates in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of water (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (cubic feet to gallons and seconds to minutes)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in cubic feet per second, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for proper pipe sizing, pump selection, and system design in plumbing, irrigation, and industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the water velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It combines 7.48052 (gallons per cubic foot) and 60 (seconds per minute): 7.48052 × 60 = 448.8312.

Q2: How do I measure velocity in a pipe?
A: Use flow meters or calculate from pressure differentials using Bernoulli's equation.

Q3: What's a typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Residential plumbing: 4-8 ft/s, industrial systems: up to 10 ft/s depending on application.

Q4: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². For other shapes, use appropriate geometric formulas.

Q5: Does this work for other liquids?
A: The calculation is valid, but the conversion factor changes based on the liquid's specific gravity.