1. What is a Volumetric Flow Rate to Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts volumetric flow rate (in gallons per minute) to fluid velocity (in feet per second) through a given cross-sectional area.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine flow velocity in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity (feet per second)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (GPM to ft³/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the product of area and conversion factor to get velocity in consistent units.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents erosion or sedimentation, and maintains desired flow characteristics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the volumetric flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 448.83 used in the formula?
A: It converts gallons per minute to cubic feet per second (1 GPM = 0.002228 ft³/s, inverse is 448.83).

Q2: What's a typical pipe velocity range?
A: For water, 2-5 ft/s is common in plumbing; 5-10 ft/s in process piping (varies by application).

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times (D/2)^2 \) where D is diameter in feet.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the formula assumes the fluid fills the entire cross-section (not valid for multiphase flows).

Q5: What if I have diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using \( \pi r^2 \) (radius in feet), then use this calculator.