1. What is Water Spray Nozzle Flow Rate?

Definition: This calculator determines the volumetric flow rate of water through a spray nozzle in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: It helps engineers, irrigation specialists, and fire protection designers calculate nozzle performance for various applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute, GPM)
• \( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (dimensionless, typically 0.6-0.9)
• \( A \) — Nozzle area (square feet, ft²)
• \( \Delta P \) — Pressure difference across nozzle (pounds per square inch, psi)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (pounds per cubic foot, lb/ft³)

Explanation: The formula calculates flow based on Bernoulli's principle, with the conversion factor 448.83 converting ft³/s to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation ensures proper system design, efficient water usage, and desired spray characteristics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (default 0.8), nozzle area in ft², pressure difference in psi, and fluid density (default 62.4 lb/ft³ for water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient (C_d)?
A: It's a dimensionless factor (0-1) that accounts for energy losses in the nozzle. Typical values range from 0.6 to 0.9.

Q2: How do I convert nozzle diameter to area?
A: For circular nozzles: \( A = \pi \times (d/2)^2 \), where d is diameter in feet.

Q3: Why is density important?
A: Flow rate varies with fluid density. The default 62.4 lb/ft³ is for water at 60°F.

Q4: What pressure should I use?
A: Use the pressure difference between the nozzle inlet and outlet (typically atmospheric pressure).

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical flow. Actual flow may vary due to factors like turbulence, viscosity, and nozzle design.