1. What is Water Velocity Through Nozzle?

Definition: This calculator determines the velocity of water exiting a nozzle based on pressure drop and water density.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians in fluid dynamics, firefighting systems, irrigation, and hydraulic applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Water velocity (feet per second)
• \( \Delta P \) — Pressure drop (pounds per square inch)
• \( \rho \) — Water density (pounds per cubic foot, default 62.4)

Explanation: The formula converts pressure energy to kinetic energy, with the 144 factor converting psi to psf (pounds per square foot).

3. Importance of Water Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient nozzle design, adequate flow rates, and proper system performance in hydraulic applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pressure drop in psi and water density (default 62.4 lb/ft³ for fresh water at 60°F). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a 144 in the formula?
A: This converts pressure from psi (pounds per square inch) to psf (pounds per square foot) since density is in lb/ft³.

Q2: What's the typical water density value?
A: Fresh water at 60°F is approximately 62.4 lb/ft³. For salt water, use about 64 lb/ft³.

Q3: Does this account for nozzle efficiency?
A: No, this is theoretical maximum velocity. Actual velocity may be 90-95% of this value due to friction losses.

Q4: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Water density changes with temperature (lower density at higher temps), which would slightly increase velocity.

Q5: What's a typical velocity range for nozzles?
A: Fire nozzles typically 50-100 ft/s, irrigation nozzles 20-50 ft/s, but depends on application.