1. What Is Water Flow Rate?

Definition: Water flow rate (Q) measures the volume of water passing through a point per unit time, typically in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers, plumbers, and irrigation specialists determine water flow in pipes, channels, and other systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( V \) — Velocity of water (feet per second)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The formula converts the basic volumetric flow rate (V×A) from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations ensure proper system design, prevent pipe overpressure, and optimize water distribution efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the water velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: It converts cubic feet per second (1 ft³/s = 448.83 gallons per minute).

Q2: What's a typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Residential systems: 4-8 ft/s; Industrial systems: up to 10 ft/s (depends on pipe material and pressure).

Q3: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². Convert diameter from inches to feet (divide by 12).

Q4: Does this work for other liquids?
A: Yes, but the conversion factor changes based on liquid density (use 448.83 × specific gravity).

Q5: What if I know flow rate and need velocity?
A: Rearrange the formula: V = Q / (A × 448.83).