1. What Is the Volumetric Flow Rate?

Definition: Volumetric flow rate measures the volume of fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time, typically expressed in gallons per minute (GPM).

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers determine flow rates in pipes and channels.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (GPM)
• \( V \) — Velocity of fluid (ft/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (ft²)
• 448.83 — Conversion factor (ft³/s to GPM)

Explanation: The velocity multiplied by area gives flow in ft³/s, which is then converted to GPM.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for proper system design, pump selection, and ensuring adequate fluid delivery.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the fluid velocity in ft/s and the cross-sectional area in ft². Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the conversion factor 448.83?
A: This converts cubic feet per second (ft³/s) to gallons per minute (GPM) (1 ft³/s = 448.83 GPM).

Q2: How do I measure velocity in a pipe?
A: Use flow meters or calculate from pressure differentials using Bernoulli's equation.

Q3: What's a typical velocity for water in pipes?
A: Residential plumbing: 4-8 ft/s, industrial systems: up to 10 ft/s depending on application.

Q4: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius in feet.

Q5: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the velocity should be appropriate for the specific fluid's viscosity and density.